69 research outputs found
âMy printer must, haue somwhat to his shareâ: Isabella Whitney, Richard Jones, and crafting books
Given Isabella Whitneyâs reputation as the first English professional woman writer, her books are fertile ground for the recent material turn in the study of early modern womenâs writing. Womenâs engagement in book production meant that their texts were mediated through the work of booksellers, printers, and other agents in the print trade. We need to remember that writers make texts, but books are made by publishers and printers. Whitneyâs own working relationship with her printer-publisher, Richard Jones, is well-known. Yet, the precise nature of Jonesâs role in the production of Whitneyâs books and her fashioning as an âAuctorâ remains shadowy, largely because questions of agency have not been explored through the technologies of book production. To understand the ways in which Whitneyâs texts were mediated through print, and her participation in this process, this essay will focus on how her books of poetry were made, starting with the role of her printer-publisher, Richard Jones
Collecting verse: âsignificant shapeâ and the paper-book in the early seventeenth century
In this essay, Michelle O'Callaghan investigates practices of manuscript compilation, taking Don.c.54 and Rawl.poet.31, Bodleian Library, as her main case studies. Both manuscripts evidence a degree of organization and planning, and thus possess a "significant shape," even though one (Rawl.poet.31) was produced by a professional scribe in a short span of time as a commercial enterprise, and the other (Don.c.54) was compiled by its owner (an amateur scribe) over the course of three decades. The essay uncovers the high level of skill and awareness of manuscript design that amateur as well as professional copyists could display. It explores the kinds of interpretive work required to analyze the complex interrelationship between material form and textual content
âGood ladies be workingâ: singing at work in Tudor womanâs song
âAttend thee, go play theeâ, as indicated by the title it is given in the mid-Tudor ballad collection, A Handful of Pleasant Delights â âThe scoffe of a Ladie, as pretie as may be, to a yong man that went a wooingâ â is an example of female-voiced invective or flyting. While early modern female-voiced complaint has attracted a wealth of critical work, little attention has been paid to the female-voiced scoff. The comic scoff is pitched at a lower social register than that which conventionally characterizes the more courtly love complaint. It thereby provides evidence for a wider social range of female voices in lyric verse and song. Moreover, this scoff is especially significant because it draws much-needed attention to the status of the non-elite working womanâs voice in performance, raising questions about how working subjectivities were fashioned and deployed. Such metaphors of voice are, of course, highly mediated, and not transparent windows onto the lived experience of women or forthright expressions of agency. Yet, by attending to the complex relationship between gender, genre, voice and embodiment, it is possible to address these difficult questions of historical agency
Bovine glycomacropeptide promotes the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis and modulates its gene expression
peer-reviewedBovine milk glycomacropeptide (GMP) is derived from Îș-casein, with exclusively o-linked glycosylation. Glycomacropeptide promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in a concentration-dependent manner, and this activity was lost following periodate treatment of the GMP (GMP-P), which disables biological recognition of the conjugated oligosaccharides. Transcriptional analysis of B. longum ssp. infantis following exposure to GMP revealed a substantial response to GMP relative to bacteria treated with GMP-P, with a greater number of differentially expressed transcripts and larger fold changes versus the control. Therefore, stimulation of B. longum ssp. infantis growth by GMP is intrinsically linked to the peptide's O-linked glycosylation. The pool of differentially expressed transcripts included 2 glycoside hydrolase (family 25) genes, which were substantially upregulated following exposure to GMP, but not GMP-P. These GH25 genes were present in duplicated genomic islands that also contained genes encoding fibronectin type III binding domain proteins and numerous phage-related proteins, all of which were also upregulated. Homologs of this genomic arrangement were present in other Bifidobacterium species, which suggest it may be a conserved domain for the utilization of glycosylated peptides. This study provides insights into the molecular basis for the prebiotic effect of bovine milk GMP on B. longum ssp. infantis
Men's sheds and the Sustainable Development Goals: Local responses to global challenges
Purpose of the report: In 2019 the Irish Menâs Sheds Association (IMSA) was designated a Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Champion by the Republic of Irelandâs Minister for Communications, Climate Action and the Environment. This report evaluates the effectiveness of community-based menâs sheds on the island of Ireland as agents of social and environmental sustainability and identifies potential to develop this role. Recommendations are offered for consideration by menâs sheds across the island. As an academic study, the key novel contribution is the finding that menâs sheds in Ireland in addition to supporting social sustainability, are also already engaged in activities that support environmental sustainability. There is scope to further develop their role as champions of environmental sustainability in their communities. While menâs sheds have received significant attention from researchers interested in their role in health, wellbeing and social inclusion, their current and potential role in environmental sustainability has been largely absent from the academic literature on menâs shed
A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Bt Crops on Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
L.) are the most important pollinators of many agricultural crops worldwide and are a key test species used in the tiered safety assessment of genetically engineered insect-resistant crops. There is concern that widespread planting of these transgenic crops could harm honey bee populations.We conducted a meta-analysis of 25 studies that independently assessed potential effects of Bt Cry proteins on honey bee survival (or mortality). Our results show that Bt Cry proteins used in genetically modified crops commercialized for control of lepidopteran and coleopteran pests do not negatively affect the survival of either honey bee larvae or adults in laboratory settings.Although the additional stresses that honey bees face in the field could, in principle, modify their susceptibility to Cry proteins or lead to indirect effects, our findings support safety assessments that have not detected any direct negative effects of Bt crops for this vital insect pollinator
Defining the Role of the MHC in Autoimmunity: A Review and Pooled Analysis
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the most extensively studied regions in the human genome because of the association of variants at this locus with autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. However, identification of causal variants within the MHC for the majority of these diseases has remained difficult due to the great variability and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) that exists among alleles throughout this locus, coupled with inadequate study design whereby only a limited subset of about 20 from a total of approximately 250 genes have been studied in small cohorts of predominantly European origin. We have performed a review and pooled analysis of the past 30 years of research on the role of the MHC in six genetically complex disease traits â multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) â in order to consolidate and evaluate the current literature regarding MHC genetics in these common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We corroborate established MHC disease associations and identify predisposing variants that previously have not been appreciated. Furthermore, we find a number of interesting commonalities and differences across diseases that implicate both general and disease-specific pathogenetic mechanisms in autoimmunity
Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects
Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (OR=1.11, P=5.7Ă10â15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR=1.07, P=1.7 Ă10â6). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 Ă10â11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P= 7.3 Ă10â5). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination
Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes
publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc
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